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吐鲁番极端高温催生出年产值突破亿元产业-自腾新闻网
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吐鲁番极端高温催生出年产值突破亿元产业

作者: 【编辑:蔡星雨】 2026-10-04 15:05 views: 1
【编辑:蔡星雨】
作者
1floor

  晒出一个“热”产业

  火焰山脚下,一场关于“热”的产业变革正在上演。

  一年中超过35摄氏度的炎热日达108天,夏季极端最高气温可达49摄氏度,地表温度多在70摄氏度以上——素有“火洲”之称的新疆吐鲁番,自然条件极为独特。年均降水量仅14.7毫米,蒸发量却高达2477.5毫米,干燥的空气与强烈的日照交织,构成了著名的干热区。

  常人避之不及的极端干热,如今却成了一门火热的生意。每到6月至9月,吐鲁番成为上万件塑料、橡胶、金属制品及千余辆新能源汽车的“天然试验场”,极端高温催生出一个年产值突破亿元的高温干热测试产业。

  建好天然“烤场”

  在新疆吐鲁番自然环境试验研究中心的静态大气暴晒场内,光伏组件、密封胶试样、家电外壳等正持续经受着极端高温“烤”验,工作人员实时对露天暴露的试验样品开展常态化维护工作。实验室内,技术人员忙着对经过高温考验的各类样品进行检测。

  从去年开始,研究中心检测员阿力木·吾买尔就开展了光伏组件检测。一个个经过月余暴晒的光伏组件,在实验室完成功率、电压、转换效率等检测。“每天检测30片到40片,最终会形成光伏组件的检测报告。”阿力木·吾买尔说。

  过去,很多产品都是在实验室进行人工模拟环境试验。但实验室的温度、模拟光照,不能完全复刻高温、干旱、沙尘、昼夜温差大等多重环境条件耦合作用的真实场景。“在室外进行户外大气暴露试验,场地做到了标准化、规范化,仪器设备全部经过计量检校,能保证检测数据的一致性和准确性。”该研究中心副主任郭春云说,如今,越来越多的企业开始重视产品的户外大气暴露试验,送到这里的产品,短期测试周期至少一个季度,最长观测试验跨度达50年。

  据介绍,新疆吐鲁番自然环境试验研究中心于2011年正式成立。很长一段时间里,研究中心主要开展汽车动态、静态试验以及其他材料的户外大气暴晒试验,近几年联合国家级质检中心,建设了光伏组件户外实证基地、暖通设备户外实证基地等。目前,暴晒样品涵盖了塑料、橡胶、金属、涂层、涂料、建材及整车零部件等,自成立以来已累计暴晒样品4.2万余件。

  研究中心成立至今,牵头、参与编制了24项国家标准,填补了我国极端干热环境工业产品环境适应性试验的空白。2025年,国家材料腐蚀与防护科学数据中心吐鲁番分中心在此挂牌,将进一步深化产学研检用融合,在标准制定修订、产业转型升级、平台建设、新质生产力赋能培育方面发挥作用。

  郭春云说,下一步,研究中心将针对不同客户群体,以解决实际问题为切入点,为企业提供更深层次技术服务。“立足地方特色,结合专业特长,我们会重点就农膜回收、生物降解地膜应用等开展测试评价服务,解决行业痛点。”

  迈向“全科体检”

  正午的吐鲁番骄阳似火,一辆辆测试车辆驶入专业试验跑道,进行高温干热测试。与静态自然暴晒不同,这场测试考验的是车辆在高温条件下的运行表现。

  “企业落地吐鲁番,看中的就是当地拥有全球稀缺的高温干热气候资源。”中交火焰山汽车检测有限公司副总经济师何宁堂介绍,吐鲁番特殊的气候条件,叠加常态化扬尘风沙,多种环境应力同步作用,可一次性验证高温老化、沙尘磨损等多项指标,完整还原高温区域车辆的真实使用场景,这是人工恒温舱和其他地区测试基地无法复刻的天然试验场地。

  从最初的材料、制品静态暴晒到整车动态测试,再到新能源三电系统检测,吐鲁番的测试产业正从“单项检测”迈向“全科体检”。

  “发展初期,我们仅开展传统车辆静态暴晒和性能标定测试业务,伴随新能源产业快速发展,我们也在持续拓展新业务。”何宁堂说。自2019年落地至今,公司业务已扩展到新能源整车高温综合试验、动力电池热管理测试、整车空调舒适性标定、高温耐久道路试验等。同时,试验道路涵盖性能路、城市模拟路、砂石路、扬尘路等多类型专业路面。“我们与50多家车企的70多个汽车品牌建立了合作,新能源汽车测试比例占到八成左右。”

  “这次来主要是做无人配送物流车的夏季标定。”广东惠州市川行致远科技有限公司工程师张奇介绍,他们主要来检测无人车的三电(电机、电控、电池)、线控底盘、智驾感知系统和热管理系统在高温环境下的稳定性。“我们8月初来的,大概需要测试一个月时间。”张奇说。

  “我们为车企提供配套试验资源,包括专属试验道路、试验车间以及测试期间的住宿餐饮等服务。同时,也不断根据客户需求调整业务。”吐鲁番火焰山材料自然环境老化检测中心有限公司董事长何奕颔说,今年新增了1.2公里的越野道路,用于测试汽车底盘的综合越野性能,同时还修建了50%的标准坡以及30%和40%的滑石坡。

  目前,吐鲁番已建成5个高温干热测试基地,承接全国九成以上的汽车高温干热测试业务,天然“试车场”的产业名片愈发闪亮。

  拓宽应用赛道

  “吐鲁番独有的高温、干旱、风沙叠加环境,能够完整核验设备的真实运行状态。”浙江华视智检科技有限公司无人机测试工程师于炳忠正在测试场进行产品测试。他说,以往企业需分头前往海口、福建等地,拆分设备分别开展高温、高湿单项测试,如今在吐鲁番可以一站式完成。

  2025年,中交火焰山公司低空测试空域获批,并于2026年取得航空器运营合格证。测试空域以试验场为中心,半径5公里范围内均可进行低空飞行器测试,测试项目主要有动力电池热安全、飞控和电机动力系统性能、机体结构与密封性。

  何宁堂表示,企业将继续完善无人机、飞行汽车、具身智能等领域的专属高温测试场地配套设施,构建车路云空一体化联合测试场景,打造空地协同综合检测的全链条服务体系。

  产业发展前景光明,但也面临着人才培育难点。“汽车热管理、低空装备高温测试属于细分专业,本地从业人员相关专业基础薄弱,长期稳定留存高技术实操人员难度较大。”何宁堂说。

  除汽车和飞行器外,电力设备在高干热环境下运行性能检测也日益受到重视。国网新疆电科院输变配电研究所技术专责张小军介绍,新疆电网建设发展中,线路和站用复合绝缘子使用量增长显著。复合绝缘子在长期运行中会发生不可逆转的材料老化,导致机电性能降低,严重威胁电网安全稳定运行。

  2023年,国网新疆吐鲁番高干热复合材料长期带电老化试验站正式投用。目前,试验站共收到6个厂家共192支复合绝缘子、7个厂家共1696片硅橡胶胶片样品,已完成87支复合绝缘子的长期带电考核投放,以及706片硅橡胶样品的投放晾晒。

  为什么选择吐鲁番?张小军解释,吐鲁番盆地的典型气候特征为太阳辐射强度大、气温高、昼夜温差大、湿度小且风力较大,所具备的自然条件使其成为高温热氧老化的理想试验场地,也是西北地区高干热环境的典型代表。

  何奕颔坦言,面向未来,随着智能装备增多,企业需拓展前沿业务,正着手准备无人机反制测试,“这是必然要走的赛道”。同时,企业牵头搭建统一行业平台,整合全域试验资源,引入国内头部汽车检测机构,牵头制定极限测试规范和车企准入标准,推动行业规范化运营。

  来源:经济日报 本报记者 耿丹丹 【编辑:蔡星雨】

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